Guide to Buying a Wheelchair

1. Start With Your Needs, Not the Wheelchair

Before comparing models, think about how the wheelchair will fit into everyday life. A compact transit wheelchair may be ideal for short outings, but it may not be suitable for somebody who wants to move independently or remain seated for long periods.

Four Questions That Narrow the Choice

Our advice: Choose a wheelchair for the activities you actually do, rather than selecting one on appearance, price or weight alone.

2. Understanding the Different Types of Wheelchair

Wheelchairs are available in several designs, each intended for different requirements. Understanding these differences is one of the easiest ways to make a shortlist.

Transit or Self-Propelled?

3. Manual Wheelchair, Powerpack or Powerchair?

Sometimes the main question is not which manual wheelchair to choose, but whether powered assistance would make everyday life easier.

Which problem are you trying to solve?

• If the user can self-propel comfortably, a manual wheelchair may be sufficient.
• If the attendant struggles to push, a compatible powerpack may help.
• If the user wants to move independently without manual propulsion, a powerchair may be more suitable.

For more information, read our Guide to Buying a Powerchair.

4. Choosing the Correct Wheelchair Size and Fit

Correct wheelchair sizing is essential for comfort, posture, mobility and safety. A chair that is too narrow, too wide or incorrectly adjusted can create problems even if it appears suitable at first.

Seat Width

The seat should provide enough space for the hips and thighs without excessive pressure, while remaining supportive. A seat that is too wide may encourage leaning and make it harder to reach the hand rims.

Seat Depth

Seat depth should support the thighs without placing pressure behind the knees. A seat that is too deep may encourage sliding forwards; one that is too shallow may provide inadequate support.

Seat Height

Seat height affects transfers, foot positioning and the user’s ability to reach the rear wheels. The height of any cushion must be included when assessing the final seated position.

Backrest Height

A lower backrest may provide greater freedom of movement for an active user. A higher backrest can provide additional support where required. The correct choice depends on trunk control, posture and daily use.

Footrest Position

Footrests should support the feet without forcing the knees into an uncomfortable position or allowing the feet to drag. Correct adjustment is important for seated posture and safe movement.

Armrests

Armrests should provide appropriate support without lifting the shoulders. Flip-back or removable armrests may help with sideways transfers, while desk-length armrests can improve access to tables.

Maximum User Weight

Always check the manufacturer’s maximum user weight and never exceed it. A wheelchair can meet the weight requirement but still be unsuitable because the seat dimensions or support are incorrect.

When to seek an assessment: If the user has significant postural difficulties, persistent pain, previous pressure injuries, asymmetry or complex seating requirements, ask a wheelchair service, occupational therapist or specialist seating clinician for advice before buying.

5. Wheelchair Cushions: Comfort, Support and Pressure Management

A wheelchair cushion can make a substantial difference to comfort, particularly when the chair is used regularly. However, cushions are not all designed to do the same job.

Some provide basic comfort, while others are designed to support posture or help manage pressure. The correct choice depends on the individual, their seating needs and how long they remain seated.

A Cushion Changes the Way the Wheelchair Fits

Adding a cushion changes the user’s seated position. This can affect:

• Seat-to-floor height
• Footrest position
• Armrest support
• Backrest position and support
• Access to the hand rims on self-propelled wheelchairs

How to Choose a Suitable Cushion

1. Consider how many hours the user spends in the wheelchair.
2. Check whether comfort, positioning or pressure management is the main requirement.
3. Ensure the cushion fits the seat correctly.
4. Check the effect on armrests, footrests and backrest height.
5. Consider cover material, cleaning and maintenance.
6. Seek specialist advice for complex seating or pressure concerns.

6. Choosing a Wheelchair for Everyday Life

A wheelchair can have an excellent specification and still be the wrong choice if it does not suit the places you visit and the activities you enjoy.

Around the Home

For indoor use, check the wheelchair’s overall width and turning space. Measure the narrowest important doorways and consider hallways, bathroom access, thresholds, flooring and the space needed for transfers. Seat width and overall wheelchair width are different measurements.

Outdoors

Pavement condition, slopes, kerbs and longer distances can affect how easy a wheelchair is to push. Wheel design, tyres, braking arrangements and the user’s or attendant’s strength should all be considered.

Shopping and Appointments

For occasional trips, a lightweight folding chair may be practical. If the user will remain seated for several hours, comfort and support become increasingly important.

Holidays and Travel

Consider folded dimensions, weight, access to taxis and public transport, and whether the wheelchair will be suitable for the destination. Contact airlines or travel providers in advance to discuss assistance and equipment requirements.

Longer Periods of Sitting

A wheelchair that is comfortable for a short appointment may not provide suitable support for all-day use. Correct sizing, cushioning, posture and pressure management become increasingly important as seating duration increases.

7. Important Wheelchair Features Explained

Wheelchair specifications can look complicated. The following features are worth comparing because they can affect comfort, safety and everyday convenience.

Parking Brakes and Attendant Brakes

Parking brakes or wheel locks hold the wheelchair stationary. Some chairs also have attendant-operated brakes on the push handles to help control movement. Do not assume parking brakes are designed for slowing a moving chair; follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

Rear Wheels

Large rear wheels with hand rims allow independent propulsion. Smaller rear wheels are common on transit chairs. Wheel size also influences handling and portability.

Quick-Release Wheels

Some self-propelled chairs allow the rear wheels to be removed, reducing the size and weight of the frame for transport. Always ensure the wheels are securely refitted before use.

Solid or Pneumatic Tyres

Solid tyres are puncture-resistant and generally low maintenance, but can feel firmer. Pneumatic tyres may provide a more compliant ride, but need correct inflation and can puncture.

Swing-Away and Removable Footrests

These can make transfers easier and reduce the chair’s size for storage. Footplates should be moved clear during transfers in accordance with the user’s transfer plan.

Elevating Leg Rests

These support the legs in a more extended position where appropriate. They can add weight and increase the overall length of the wheelchair.

Removable and Flip-Back Armrests

These may make side transfers easier. Check whether the armrest design also meets the user’s support requirements.

Folding Frames

Many manual wheelchairs fold for storage. However, folding does not necessarily mean compact or lightweight. Check the actual folded dimensions.

Push Handles

If an attendant regularly pushes the wheelchair, handle height and grip comfort are important. Poorly positioned handles can make longer journeys tiring.

Anti-Tip Devices

These can help reduce the risk of the wheelchair tipping backwards in certain situations. Their suitability and adjustment depend on the wheelchair and should follow manufacturer guidance.

8. Transporting a Wheelchair Safely

Putting a Wheelchair in a Car

If the wheelchair will regularly be lifted into a vehicle, think about the complete loading process rather than simply checking whether the chair folds.

Travelling While Seated in a Wheelchair

There is an important distinction between a wheelchair that can be carried in a vehicle and one suitable for occupied transport.

A wheelchair that folds into a car boot is not automatically suitable for somebody to remain seated in while a vehicle is moving.

If you need to travel while remaining seated in your wheelchair, always check the manufacturer’s occupied-transport instructions and the transport provider’s requirements before travelling.

9. Buying a Wheelchair: What Else Should You Consider?

Try Before You Buy Where Possible

A practical demonstration can help you judge seating comfort, transfer access, manoeuvrability, folding and lifting. If possible, involve the person who will regularly push or load the wheelchair.

Buying New or Used

A new wheelchair provides a known product history and the relevant manufacturer’s warranty. A used wheelchair may cost less, but its condition, suitability, brakes, tyres, frame, moving parts and maintenance history should be checked carefully.

Servicing and Maintenance

Regular checks help keep a wheelchair safe and comfortable. Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance schedule and inspect the chair if it becomes difficult to steer, develops unusual noises or shows signs of damage.

• Check brakes and wheel locks.
• Inspect tyres, wheels and castors.
• Check footrests and armrests are secure.
• Inspect upholstery and cushions for wear.
• Check folding mechanisms and quick-release fittings.

Spare Parts and After-Sales Support

Before buying, consider whether replacement tyres, tubes, footrests, armrests, brakes and other parts are available for the model. A wheelchair that can be maintained and repaired may provide better long-term value.

VAT Relief

Certain wheelchairs and mobility products may qualify for VAT relief when purchased for the personal use of an eligible disabled person and the relevant conditions are met. Eligibility is not automatic for every purchase.

For more information, visit the GOV.UK VAT Relief Guidance or our VAT Relief Information Page.

Funding and Support

Depending on your circumstances, support may be available through NHS wheelchair services, local assessments or charitable grants. Eligibility and provision vary. Useful starting points include NHS Wheelchair Information and Turn2us Grants Search.

10. Your Final Wheelchair Buying Checklist

Before ordering, work through these questions to make sure the wheelchair is suitable for the user and their everyday routine.

11. Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a transit and self-propelled wheelchair?

Transit wheelchairs are primarily designed to be pushed by an attendant. Self-propelled wheelchairs have large rear wheels with hand rims, allowing suitable users to move themselves.

Are lightweight wheelchairs easier to lift?

They may be, but always check the actual weight and the weight of the heaviest section. Folding and lightweight are not guarantees of easy handling.

How do I know what seat width I need?

The wheelchair should provide appropriate clearance without being excessively wide. Correct sizing should consider the user’s measurements, posture, clothing, cushion and the manufacturer’s seat dimensions.

Do I need a wheelchair cushion?

A cushion may improve comfort and support, but the correct type depends on the user. Those with pressure or postural concerns should seek professional seating advice.

Can a wheelchair fit in a car boot?

Many folding wheelchairs can, but you must compare the folded dimensions with your vehicle’s boot opening and available space. Also check lifting weight.

Can someone remain seated in a wheelchair during car travel?

Only where the wheelchair, vehicle and restraint arrangements are suitable for occupied transport. For more detail, read our Guide to Crash-Tested Wheelchairs.

Are solid or pneumatic tyres better?

Solid tyres are generally lower maintenance. Pneumatic tyres can offer a more compliant ride but need inflation and puncture maintenance. The best option depends on use and preference.

Can I add a powerpack to any wheelchair?

No. Powerpacks must be compatible with the wheelchair and approved for the intended configuration. Always check with the manufacturer or a suitable specialist.

Can I get a wheelchair through the NHS?

NHS wheelchair services may provide assessment and equipment for eligible people, depending on local criteria and clinical needs. Contact your GP or local wheelchair service for advice about referral routes.

Are wheelchairs eligible for VAT relief?

Qualifying wheelchairs may be eligible when the purchaser and intended use meet the relevant conditions. Check the eligibility requirements before claiming relief.

12. Useful Links and Further Advice

Further Reading From First Choice Mobility

• What Is a Crash-Tested Wheelchair?
• Guide to Buying a Powerchair
• Finding Your Wheelchair Serial Number
• VAT Relief Information
• Contact First Choice Mobility

Independent Advice and Support

• NHS – Wheelchairs
• Citizens Advice
• Turn2us – Grants Search
• GOV.UK – VAT Relief for Disabled People
• British Healthcare Trades Association